Cause nephrotic syndrome of proteinuria is the cause of the patients?

Kidney disease syndrome patients in a large number of protein in the urine is mainly derived from blood. Normally, nephrotic syndrome patients most of the blood protein is appearing in the urine, especially macromolecular proteins, as well as the negatively charged protein will not appear, this is because human kidney of glomerular filtration barrier being that the protein filtered out.

(1) is the endothelial cells lining blood capillary. Endothelial cells, there are many a diameter of 50-100 nm holes, so called window holes. Water, all kinds of solute and larger proteins can freely through the hole is; But can stop the passage of the blood cells, blood cells play the role of the barrier.

(2) the middle is the basement membrane of cells, a tiny fiber network structures. Plasma larger molecules substances, such as protein can't through the basement membrane. The film is to prevent the larger proteins glomerular filtration of the main barrier.

(3) outer layer is the epithelial cells of the glomerulus. The epithelial cells have foot processes, interlaced formed between foot processes of fractures. The fracture has a layer of filtration fissure diaphragm, membrane have 4-14 of nm diameter hole, it can stop by inside, two layer filter out of macromolecular proteins through, is a barrier at the end of the filter. Endothelial cells, the basement membrane and epithelial cells was composed of glomerular filtration membrane. Filtration membrane size different filtration, both can only make small molecules easily through, and the effective radius larger material can only be through the larger, both in general, effective radius is less than 1.8 nm substance, can be fully filtration. Effective radius of more than 3.6 nm macromolecular substances, such as plasma albumin (molecular weight of about 69000) are almost completely can't filtration.